Releases

• Elios 3: Firmware 2025.01 (published March 2025)

• Elios 2: Cockpit v2.8 and Avionic v1.7 (published January 2022)

• Elios 1: Cockpit v2.8 and Avionic v1.4 (published January 2022)

• Cloud: Release 25.05 (published March 2025)

News

• New knowledge base platform (published March 2025)

  • Improved page structure, making it easier to find information

  • 'Export as PDF' Feature on each page

  • Page Rating and feedback form

Articles

• New Inspector 5 User Manual (published March 2025)

• Elios 3 Return To Home - User Guide (published March 2025)

• Standard Operating Procedure added to Elios 3 documentation (published March 2025)

• Elios 3 section added to Wincan (published March 2025)

Drone

Remote controller

Battery

Classification of Product

System Versions Compatibility Chart

How to update

What must be done

Required Material

Preparation

1. How to update Inspector

• Launch Inspector Software

• A pop-up message will propose a new update, click on download

If you don't receive any update notification, please see here

• A loading bar will appear, displaying the status of the download

• Then the program will shut down and the Inspector Setup wizard will appear for the installation, click next and follow the instructions.

2. How to update the drone

• Before attempting the update, make sure the computer is connected to the internet

• Turn on the Elios 3 with a fully charged battery

• Connect the Elios 3 to your computer with the USB3.1 Gen1 provided cable.

• Wait until the drone power button turns to a steady purple color.

• Once the drone is recognized by Inspector, a pop-up message will appear

• Click the "Update my drone now" to start the update process.

• Once you hit the Update button, the process will start

• When the drone is updated, you will get the following pop-up

• Wait until the drone completely reboots

  • Power button must be purple

  • Inspector is connected to the drone

3. How to update Cockpit App

Cockpit Automatic installation

Cockpit updates are made Over The Air, connect the tablet to an internet connection, then start Cockpit App.

The application will display a notification whenever a new version is available. Click on the update button and follow the instructions.

Manual update

Download the latest version of the Cockpit APK.

Connect the tablet to your computer, through the USB cable. You will need to unlock the tablet, and set the USB mode to "Transferring files / Android Auto"

To change the USB mode, swipe down the notification bar, and tap twice on the Android System entry

From the selection menu, select "Transferring files / Android Auto"

Copy the Cockpit APK you just downloaded onto the tablet memory, to the location of you choice, we recommend the Download folder

Once the apk has been copied. From the tablet screen, open the My Files application

Head to the location where you copied the apk, if you can't find it you may select the "Installation files" shortcut (Step 1) and then tap on the apk (Step 2)

If you have not authorized installation from unknown sources you will get the following message, tap on "Settings"

Scroll down until you get to "My Files" and enable the setting entry

Once you have enabled the setting, the installation pop-up will show directly, tap on "Update"

Once Cockpit is fully installed, open it, follow the onscreen instructions and accept all the permissions

You have now installed Cockpit! Connect your remote control and power on the drone to confirm that everything is working as intended.

If you need to update your drone, please see Elios 3 Updates

Cockpit 3 is the application designed for Elios 3.

In addition, of the previous version, the new application allows the visualization instantly of a high-density point cloud map, empowering pilots with exceptional locational awareness. A real-time 3D view of the drone’s trajectory and environment provides crucial data.

Release notes are available here:

Older version releases:

Cockpit v2024.07 (August 2024)

Cockpit v2024.05 (June 2024)

Cockpit v2024.02-1 (April 2024 Hotfix)

Cockpit v2024.02 (April 2024)

Cockpit v2023.12.2 (February 2024)

Cockpit v2023.12 (December 2023)

Cockpit v2023.09 (October 2023)

Cockpit v3.5.1.0-27 (Activation Patch)

Cockpit v3.5.0.0-18 (July 2023)

Cockpit v3.4.0.0 (March 2023)

Cockpit v3.3.0.0-8 (January 2023)

Cockpit v3.2.0.0 (October 2022)

Cockpit v3.1.0.22.15 (September 2022)

Cockpit v3.0.22.11.1

“UT” stands for Ultrasonic Testing, an NDT technique used to inspect materials, detect flaws, or measure thickness using ultrasound without damaging the object being tested. The UT Payload is a module designed as a collaboration between Cygnus Instruments and Flyability. It is mounted on the Elios 3 drone and is used to perform ultrasonic testing. UT is not a simple technique and requires the correct training and understanding of the technology and its outputs.

Below you can find all the necessary material on how to use and correctly maintain the UT Payload by Flyability and how to manage and interpret the data collected by the Elios 3 UT drone.

Since its release in 2022, the Elios 3 has become a key instrument in the surveyor toolbox for capturing LiDAR data in areas where it was never possible to capture data before. With the growing need for better and more efficient data capture, sectors like mining, construction, and infrastructure management are turning to the Elios 3 to conduct safer inspections and surveys with greater data coverage.

Now, with the introduction of the Elios 3’s new Surveying Payload, the capabilities of this drone have been augmented. This report will detail the results of testing the new payload’s accuracy and demonstrate exactly how it has added to the Elios 3’s data collection workflows.

Before starting

Unboxing the LiDAR package

When you have received your new LiDAR, make sure that the package is not damaged externally. If any substantial damage can be seen on the package, make sure to contact our customer support before opening it. Although the LiDAR is protected by a thick layer of packing material, do not use something that could scratch the payload lens to open the package.

Once the package is open, you will find your new Ouster Rev 7 OS0 128 beam and a set of spare screws you may need to fix the LiDAR to the drone. Pay attention while managing the LiDAR not to pick it up and handle it directly from the lens and make sure not to place the lens in direct contact with any abrasive material that may risk damaging it.

Visual inspection

Now that you have removed the LiDAR from the package, conduct a first visual inspection of the product to make sure that it is not damaged. In particular check for any scratches or abrasion on the lens or any broken pieces on the casing.

Tech specs Rev 7 LiDAR

For the latest and most accurate technical specifications of the Ouster Rev 7 OS0 128 beam, we suggest you visit the Ouster website at the following link: https://ouster.com/downloads.

Tech specs Elios 3 drone for surveying

All the information you may need regarding the Elios 3 Surveying Payload can be found at the following link: https://www.flyability.com/elios-3-surveying-payload.

Please be aware that the Rev 7 LiDAR is 53 grams (1.8 ounces) heavier than its predecessor, the Rev 6.2, and therefore the Elios 3 drone's technical specifications may vary when paired with the Rev 7 LiDAR. For the updated technical specifications please download the relevant document found here.

The main differences we recommend keeping in mind are the following:

1. The maximum operating temperature has been updated to 48° C

2. The maximum operating height is now 2700m AMSL

3. The Elios 3 Surveying flight time has been updated to 9 minutes

Check your Elios 3 and Inspector software versions

To operate the Surveying Payload you will need a version of the October 2023 release (2023.09) of the E3 onboard software, Cockpit and Inspector, or any later update. See here all the information about the Elios 3 system updates. To install the updates, you should open Inspector with your computer connected to the Internet, where you will be prompted with a pop-up to upgrade. Then, when you connect the drone to Inspector, Inspector will prompt you to upgrade your drone. Finally, Cockpit will prompt you to upgrade itself when your tablet is connected to the Internet.

After updating your Elios 3, when it is connected to Inspector, this is the version number you should see in the “drone” tab of Inspector (or any later release):

In the Cockpit info tab, you should also see the following results (or later release):

Once the LiDAR is plugged in and the system is updated, the drone will automatically detect the Rev 7 LiDAR and you will be ready to do your first flight. To check if the new Rev 7 LiDAR is correctly paired to the drone make sure that the LiDAR serial number found on the info page of the cockpit under payload corresponds to the serial number on the Rev 7 LiDAR you received.

Testing the setup

Before performing your first mission with the Elios 3 Surveying Payload, we suggest that you conduct a flight and mapping test in a safe environment. This step is important to make sure that everything is working properly and that you can recover the drone safely in the case of any failures. Therefore, it is recommended that you pick an open room area where you cannot lose the drone.

Mounting the Rev 7 LiDAR (if purchased separately)

Drone compatibility

The Ouster Rev 7 is only compatible with the Elios 3. Elios 1 and Elios 2 drones cannot be equipped with this payload.

Tools and accessories needed

To replace the Rev 6.2 LiDAR with the Rev 7 LiDAR you will need a T8 torx screwdriver and a torque adjustable driver, adjusted at 0.4 Nm, which were previously provided to you in the Elios 3 standard toolbox. No additional tools will be needed for the replacement process. If for any reason you have lost the screws needed to mount the LiDAR payload to the drone an additional set of screws can be found in the package where you received your new LiDAR.

Step-by-step installation process

1. Removing the old LiDAR (Rev 6.2)

Before removing the LiDAR assembly from the electronic body, we recommend you turn the Elios 3 upside down while securing the LiDAR with two fingers, as per the video instructions, that you can find here.

Disconnect the LiDAR cable from the drone by pulling the connector ring. Please make sure not to remove the cable on the LiDAR side, as this connector is glued in place and removing it would break the LiDAR sensor. Please make sure that no dust or other material enters the connector while it is removed.

Remove the two outer screws that attach the LiDAR support to the drone with the Torx T8 screwdriver. The two inner screws should be left untouched since they fix the carbon frame to the central housing of the drone.

Now you can slide the LiDAR assembly out of the drone.

2. What to do with the old LiDAR (Rev 6.2)

If you have both LiDAR payloads at your disposal, we suggest you use the Rev 7 LiDAR for missions where high-quality data, range, and 3D mapping are essential. On the other hand, we suggest using the Rev 6.2 LiDAR when performing very challenging inspection missions and risk losing the drone or when performing just visual inspections and can avoid collecting the big datasets created by the Rev 7.

Before storing the LiDAR payload, we suggest you clean it, remove any particles on the lens, and then place it in an area where it doesn’t risk getting damaged. Additionally, do not place it in a dusty environment where particles may enter the cable.

3. Attaching the new LiDAR (Rev 7)

Before inserting the LiDAR assembly, make sure that the slot in which you slide the LiDAR mount is free of dirt and dust, so you can slide it to the end. The same goes for the LiDAR mount, it should be clean prior to its installation. Then insert the LiDAR assembly by sliding it into place.

After turning the drone upside down while securing the LiDAR with two fingers, as per the video instructions which you can find on our dedicated Support Page, tighten the 2 screws with the T8 screwdriver attached to the torque control driver adjusted at 0.4 Nm. Those 2 screws will maintain the whole structure, so it is important that you tighten them correctly.

Once the LiDAR sensor has been fixed to the drone, you need to connect the cable to the “LiDAR” connector. To do this, align the dot on the rubber of the connector on the LiDAR side with the white dot of the connector on the drone side. You will know that the cable has been well connected once you hear a clear audible click. If you do not connect the LiDAR sensor properly you risk having an intermittent connection in flight, which can lead to problems with your data-gathering efforts.

Please make sure not to try to remove the connector from the LiDAR directly, as this isn’t meant to be removed and will break the LiDAR if you do so. Also, please pay attention that no dust or other particles enter the cable and connector while the LiDAR is removed. For more information on how to remove and attach the LiDAR, please refer to this page: Elios 3 Maintenance

FARO Connect

To learn more on how to download FARO Connect or how to migrate from your GeoSLAM Connect account to a FARO Connect account please visit this page: FARO Connect

Available Training

To leverage the data collected during flights, Flyability has partnered with FARO Connect to provide you with a more efficient and high-quality data processing tool. Using FARO Connect may be unfamiliar at first so we have created some specific training material to assist you in this phase and help you take your processing skills to the next level. You can find all the available material from Flyability by visiting that page:

FARO Connect training

Maintenance and care

Please find all the general maintenance information about the Elios 3 here. For any concerns regarding the maintenance and care of the Ouster Rev 7 OS0 128 beam please refer to the Ouster website.

Handling the LiDAR

Avoid touching the lens of the Rev 7 LiDAR when possible and do not use equipment that may damage the LiDAR lens while handling the payload. Properly cleaning and storing the LiDAR will reduce the risks of damage and can extend the life span of the product. Be aware that strong collisions may also be harmful to the payload and therefore it is not suggested to store it at height.

Cleaning the LiDAR

It is important to clean the LiDAR after every mission, especially in dusty conditions. Particles that fall on the LiDAR lens could end up scratching it and leading to a lower scanning quality in future inspections if not dealt with properly. It is therefore important to clean the payload once you have finished using it.

First of all, we suggest using compressed air cans to remove any dust or material from the lens and then using a clean microfiber cloth to wipe the lens. When working in particularly dusty environments we suggest doing this between flights. It is important, however, to avoid using any type of solvent to clean the lens, as this could potentially damage the LiDAR window, affecting its performance.

Storing the LiDAR

It is suggested to store the LiDAR either in the Elios 3 case or in the original box in which it arrived (if you purchased the Rev 7 LiDAR separately from the drone). Although no damage should occur, we suggest storing the payload in a dark environment and at room temperature. Please pay attention that no dust or other material enters the LiDAR cable and connector.

Guidelines for Different Environments

For all the information regarding how the Rev 7 LiDAR reacts to different environments please refer to the Accuracy Report which you view here. Please be aware that the success rate provided for the payload is not guaranteed and that you should be particularly cautious about the mapping guidelines for the following scenarios:

• Highly reflective environments can cause noise in the scans as the Rev 7 LiDAR has a much higher sensitivity to reflective lights compared to the Rev 6.2.

• Very challenging symmetrical environments. A very challenging symmetrical environment is one with very few geometric features or texture in prolonged straight areas (greater than 30-50 meters), as well as a diameter of less than 2 meters. Examples of environments with these features could include narrow sewers like the one you can see below.
• Very confined spaces with a diameter lower than 1 meter.

We also recommend turning on the Elios 3 Surveying Payload just before the flight and turning it off as soon as the mission is complete because the Rev 7 LiDAR collects millions of points every second that it is turned on, even when not flying. For a more concrete idea of this, consider that each minute that the drone is turned on, the LiDAR will collect around 1 GB of data.

Before Starting

Unboxing the Payload

When you have received your new Flammable Gas Sensor, make sure that the package is not damaged externally. If any substantial damage can be seen, contact our customer support team (support@flyability.com) before opening it.

Although it is protected, please do not use something sharp that could damage the Payload while opening the package.

Disclaimers

Carefully read the Elios 3 Flammable Gas Sensor User Manual and Quick Start Guide before managing the equipment and performing a flight.

Software requirements

To use your new Payload you must update Cockpit and your Elios 3 to the latest version (2024.10 or later). See more here on how to update Cockpit. To update your drone simply connect it to your PC while connected to the internet and you will receive a pop-up prompting you to update your drone.

Setting up your Flammable Gas Sensor

Mounting the Flammable Gas Sensor

The Flammable Gas Sensor is compatible ONLY with the Elios 3. Elios 1 and Elios 2 drones cannot be equipped with this Payload.

To mount the Payload you will need a T8 screwdriver, a T6 screwdriver, the included mount, the Gas Sensor, the included M 2.5x10 screw, and the included M2 screws (3). Watch this video to learn more about how you can mount your new Flammable Gas Sensor on the Elios 3 drone:

Getting ready for your first flight

Preparation

Now that the Flammable Gas Sensor has been mounted, all the systems have been updated, you have performed a bump test, and you have read the user manual, it is time for you to familiarize yourself with the new Cockpit settings.

Initializing the flammable gas sensor

The first thing you need to do is initialize the gas sensor. To do so, click on the green button that is on the gas sensor gauge on Cockpit as shown in the photo below:

This process may take up to 90 seconds. Once complete the status will switch to OK.

Setting the threshold limits

The second thing you will need to do is set the threshold limits. These thresholds (2) refer to the set levels at which the sensor triggers an alert on the Cockpit and Remote Controller based on the concentration of a detected gas. If these thresholds are met Cockpit will flash red, emit a warning sound, and the Remote Controller will start vibrating. You can set two thresholds, for warning and critical levels. To do so, open Settings on Cockpit and select the GAS tab.

Please make sure the tablet is in ring mode to hear the alarms.

Performing a bump test

A bump test is performed on a gas sensor to ensure that it is functioning properly and can accurately detect and respond to the presence of specific gases. It involves briefly exposing the sensor to a known concentration of test gas to confirm that it responds within the expected range. This test is a critical part of regular sensor maintenance and safety protocols and should be done before every inspection.

To perform a bump test you will need a Calibrated Bottle of the correct gases, the Elios 3 with the Flammable Gas Sensor plugged in, the provided bump test tool, and the Remote Controller of the drone. Watch this video to learn how you can perform a bump test on the Elios 3 Flammable Gas Sensor:

PLEASE NOTE! Make sure the Calibrated Bottle contains the gas most relevant for your application and that the LEL level of the calibrated gas is over the threshold you want to set. Readings may take up to 12 seconds to be displayed and 30 seconds to show the correct levels of LEL. Confirm that the alarms are triggered once the LEL levels go over the threshold.

Your Flammable Gas Sensor for Elios 3 is now ready.

1. Defining Accuracy and Precision

Firstly, it is important to understand the differentiation between accuracy and precision.

Accuracy refers to the geographical precision of a tool. This measures how closely the LiDAR measurements match real-world values. For example, imagine that you are scanning a wall. If your LiDAR point cloud (a digital version of the wall) produces measurements and distances that match the real-world wall, then the accuracy is high. We measure accuracy in terms of distance errors, (i.e. centimeters or inches). This accuracy measurement is crucial for applications that require measurements as close to reality as possible.

On the other hand, precision refers to the replicable nature of a measurement. How consistently can it make a measurement, and how true-to-reality is that measurement? A ruler can measure 30 cm very precisely every time because its measurement is clearly defined. When it comes to LiDAR for drones, precision is defined by the thickness of the point cloud. In the example of scanning a wall, the point cloud for a precise laser scan will be very thin - matching the wall. If there are lots of scattered points (called “noise”), then that point cloud is not very precise.

So, to understand the relationship between accuracy and precision, you can refer to these 4 diagrams of a square. When there is high accuracy (the points match the location of the wall) but precision is low (there is noise in the point cloud), you have the top left version, that loosely matches the real structure of the square. Alternatively, when the accuracy and precision are both close to reality, you can see that there is little noise in the point cloud, and the points all closely follow the outline of the square.

2. The Accuracy and Precision of the New Surveying Payload

The new payload for the Elios 3 is the Ouster OS0 128 Rev 7. This payload has greater accuracy and precision than previous iterations. As part of our testing, we plotted captured points on a bell curve, looking at the standard deviation. This is used to quantify the level of noise or uncertainty of a LiDAR measurement on a planar surface. A higher standard deviation indicates greater variability in the point cloud, and thus lower precision. We have found that the precision of the new payload is accurate to +/- 6 mm at 1 sigma. This means that 66% of the points measured are accurate to within 6 mm. 95% of the points are accurate to within 12 mm (2 sigma). This means that almost all of the points in a point cloud are, on average, as accurate as 6mm, and thus the Rev 7 payload is precise to within 1 centimeter of reality.

The LiDAR data captured with the Surveying Payload is processed with FARO Connect, one of the leading LiDAR data processing software programs.

Global Accuracy Testing and Results for the Surveying Payload

The way we test accuracy and precision in a point cloud is by determining the level of drift. Drift is a key metric used to express the accuracy of a mapping system. The term is used in 3D modeling to describe the cumulative decrease in accuracy over the duration of a capture. Accuracy cannot easily be expressed in absolute values unless you have a clear system of reference. This is why surveyors use ground control points or GNSS to tether their point clouds to real-world coordinate systems or reference points. Without GNSS or ground control points (GCPs), the absolute error of a point cloud typically expands as the asset/area being surveyed increases in size.

To explain this with numbers, you can expect the error on a 30-meter (98-foot) measurement to be smaller than the error on a 300-meter (984-foot) distance measurement because a mobile scanner moving through the space will accumulate errors on top of previous errors. This accumulation of errors over distance is what we call drift, and represents a percentage of the traveled distance during data collection - for example, a 1% drift on a 300-meter distance corresponds to a 3-meter error compared to reality.

Understanding factors that can affect global accuracy

Global accuracy is impacted by the size and characteristics of the area being surveyed, as well as surveying method.

When it comes to surveying complex, confined spaces where the Elios 3 is at work, there can be added challenges (and factors that increase the drift) if an environment has little variation (also known as being homogenous). This is typical in assets like pipes, chimneys, and tunnels. They can be incredibly complex to survey due to the homogenous nature of the space. This is because LiDAR relies on detecting and measuring features on surfaces, such as corners, edges, or texture variations to create 3D point clouds. When an environment is symmetrical, there are fewer feature points, making it more difficult for the LiDAR to identify and track reference points for accurate measurements.

Legend: When there are fewer geometric features, as in highly symmetrical environments, it is harder for the LiDAR to detect key features of reference that enable it to correctly interpret its surroundings, causing it to accumulate drift.

Bearing all of these factors in mind, we tested the Elios 3’s Surveying Payload in several environments with varying degrees of symmetry to assess how it handles these scenarios.

2.1 Accuracy in Structured Environments

Structured environments are ones with little to no symmetry as well as feature points - such as buildings, stockpiles, and containment areas. They also have a diameter or distance between walls that is over 2 meters wide (6.5 feet).

In our test, we went to the basement of a factory. We used data from a Terrestrial Laser Scanner (Reigl VZ400) to scan the entire area to produce a highly accurate and precise ground truth model of the test environment. From this scan, we identified a 15x15 meter section that we used as the take-off and landing area. We would use this area to align multiple point clouds through a processing setting called Iterative Closest Point (ICP). We conducted multiple flights with the Elios 3 standard configuration (Rev 6.2) and the Elios 3 Surveying payload (Rev 7). Each Elios 3 flight was aligned to the ICP area and the computer transformation was then applied to each individual Elios point cloud so that each flight was registered to the 15x15 meter ICP location. The reference centroids from the TLS data were recorded and compared to the registered Elios 3 detected target centroids from each individual flight with the new transformations applied.

The results, as shown in this table, demonstrated significant improvements in the Surveying payload. The previous LiDAR payload (The Rev 6.2) had 0.5% drift. The new Rev 7 model is 4x more accurate, with 4x less drift. The drift reduced to just 0.16%, showing a high degree of accuracy across the entire space (global accuracy).

2.2 Accuracy in Nominally Symmetrical Environments

The next testing area was a partially symmetrical environment. These environments have more than 2 meters of width and height and have regular geometric features or clear bends at intervals of max 30-50 meters.

In this case, we conducted tests in 2 locations. The first environment was a corridor consisting of an electrical conduit, pipe racks, and various concrete structures. The second was a 200m tunnel with slight curves.

In-depth analysis of nominally symmetrical environment results

The first test took place in the corridor where there were more features that helped the LiDAR scan reduce drift. These features included pipes, racks, and an electrical conduit along with the overall structure being over 2 meters in diameter. The result is that there is a 5-10 times improvement in drift for the new Rev 7 payload compared to the Rev 6.2. This highlights just how critical geometric features are in reducing overall drift for 3D digitalization.

The second accuracy test took place in the sewer tunnel. In this case, 3 scans were conducted with the Rev 7 LiDAR payload, and processed with FARO Connect. The scans were then compared with 3 identical flights with the LiDAR Rev 6.2 payload (the standard configuration for the Elios 3). Both data sets were aligned in their respective projects with the ICP method using points around the entrance that had been ground-truth captured with a TLS, along with survey targets every 25 meters inside the tunnel. However, while data from the Rev 7 was processed in FARO Connect, the Rev 6.2 data was viewed with FlyAware, the standard inspection software for the Elios 3 and not part of the Surveying Payload package.

This cross-section from the beginning of the tunnel shows colored point clouds from the LiDAR Surveying Payload(Rev 7), the Terrestrial Laser Scanner as a control dataset, and the standard Elios 3 LiDAR, the Rev 6.2. This was the area used to align the different point clouds with the ICP settings in FARO Connect.

This is the sewer cross-section at the end of the flight. As you can see, the green Rev 6.2 has significantly more drift, reaching 1.4%, compared to the Surveying Payload Rev 7 and FARO Connect, which only has 0.19% drift.

Here you can see where the cross-sections were taken in the overall scan.

Overall, the average 0.39 meters difference from reality by the Rev 7 payload highlights the improved robustness of the payload in symmetrical environments compared to the Rev 6.2. Its global accuracy in this project was 5-8 times better than the standard LiDAR payload.

The clear superiority of the Rev 7 in these environments thus makes it the preferred payload for surveying environments with nominal symmetry.

2.3 Accuracy in challenging symmetrical environments

The Surveying payload was tested in increasingly challenging environments. A challenging symmetrical environment is one with light geometric features or texture in prolonged straight areas (greater than 30-50 meters), as well as a diameter greater than 2 meters. Examples of environments with these features could include tunnels, stacks, and shafts.

In this testing environment, the Rev 7 payload was compared to the Rev 6.2 in a sewer with greater than 2 meter diameter. The only geometric features were walkways, a gully, and shotcrete with textured surfaces.

In comparing the flights, the Elios 3 Rev 6.2 payload, processed with FlyAware, had 2-5% drift. The Elios 3 Surveying Payload, using FARO Connect, achieved results that were 2.5x times better. The drift was limited to just 0.5 - 2% in various sections of the tunnel, resulting in a 50-80% convergence success rate.

In environments with very few geometric features that make drift more likely, the Rev 7 payload is still achieving improved results compared to the Rev 6.2 thanks to the improved LiDAR capabilities as well as processing with FARO Connect.

2.4 Accuracy in very challenging symmetrical environments

As part of final testing, the Rev 7 Surveying Payload was then used to scan another sewer environment. It was considered to be very challenging because the diameter was less than 2 meters (0.8m to be exact). In addition, there were few geometric features or textures in straight sections.

A narrow sewer tunnel was used for testing. This tunnel had curves, bends, and deviations in its trajectory after 20-30 meters. The only geometrical features in the straight sections were bricks or textured surfaces, manholes, and inlet/outlet pipes.

The Surveying Payload and FARO Connect were still capable of acceptably accurate results, with a drift of 2-5 % (measuring a convergence success rate of 50-80%). For comparison, the Rev 6 standard configuration with Flyaware had over 5% drift in this difficult environment.

Summary of findings and conclusion

This table summarizes the findings of these accuracy tests, with comparisons between the standard Elios 3 6.2 Rev data and the Elios 3 Surveying Payload with FARO Connect.

The new Rev 7 Surveying payload has achieved stunning results even in complex surveying environments. In combination with FARO Connect, it is capable of achieving sub-centimeter accuracy over large survey areas.

These results will appeal to surveyors and inspectors working not only in wastewater management but also in mining, manufacturing industries such as cement, and industry standardizing bodies.

With overall precision to within +/- 6mm and replicable accuracy results, the new Surveying Payload for the Elios 3 is the ideal solution for those looking to gather data in complex and potentially hazardous environments - be they confined spaces or larger structures - need an extra level of accuracy.

The ELIOS 3 RAD Payload is an advanced radiation detection system designed to integrate seamlessly with the ELIOS 3 drone. It provides real-time radiation mapping and measurement capabilities, enabling safe and efficient inspections in hazardous environments. This payload is ideal for applications in nuclear facilities, emergency response, and industrial inspections, combining precision, reliability, and ease of use to enhance operational safety and decision-making.

General documentation

Battery

Battery safety guidelines

Material Safety Data Sheet

Elios 3 Smart Batteries MSDS

Elios 3 battery UN38.3 Test report

Remote controller battery MSDS

Remote controller battery UN38.3 Test Report

Certificate of conformity

Before Starting

Unboxing the Payload

Although it is protected, please do not use something sharp that could damage the Payload while opening the package.

Disclaimers

Software requirements

Do not operate the Payload with any earlier version of the software! Only use the 2024.07 version or higher. This could otherwise corrupt your opened UT data.

Inspector is the software provided by Flyability to read and analyze the data collected by the Elios 3 UT drone. To smoothly download and work on Inspector 5 with the data captured from the UT Payload we suggest that you have a Desktop PC that matches the following requirements (or above):

Setting up your Elios 3 UT drone

Mounting the UT Payload

The UT Payload is compatible ONLY with the Elios 3. Elios 1 and Elios 2 drones cannot be equipped with this Payload. You will need a Phillips screwdriver (not provided in the Elios 3 or UT box) and the Torque screwdriver supplied in the Elios 3 box (for motor replacements) to mount the UT Payload.

Watch this video to learn how you can mount your UT Payload on the Elios 3 drone:

Adding ultrasonic couplant

To learn how to add couplant, watch this video:

To dispense couplant press and hold for a few seconds the AUX button on the remote controller. As long as you keep pressing the couplant keeps flowing. Most of the time you need less than a second to dispense enough couplant.

Available training

Suggested training

Required training

Cygnus Instruments has provided the UT technology within the UT Payload and recommends that users and operators of the UT Payload should have at least the following level of formal qualification:

• a minimum of UT “Level 1” (ASNT or PCN), under the supervision of Level 2 or Level 3 personnel

• when using Manual Gates to take measurements, the operator should hold a UT “Level 2” qualification

(References: ISO 16809 Clause 5.6; ISO 9712 Clause 6.1, 6.2.)

Getting ready for your first flight

Preparation

Now that the UT Payload has been mounted, all the systems have been updated, you have read the user manual, you have taken the necessary training, and you have familiarized yourself with the new Cockpit interface you are ready for a test flight.

Checklist before flying

Before you perform a UT flight, make sure you have done the following things:

1. Check that you have the correct probe and hood mounted on the drone

2. Make sure that the gauge is well-secured to the drone
6. Take your first measurement not in flight by simply placing the probe in contact with a metallic surface. Make sure the A-scan appears clear on the screen

First test flight

You are now ready for your first Elios 3 UT flight. Turn on the drone and the remote control, wait for the UT Payload to be detected, and take off.

To perform a UT measurement while in flight, get close to the surface you want to inspect until the UT Payload magnetically locks onto the surface. Then dispense the couplant by pressing the AUX button. A measurement should appear on the screen.

If you are happy with the measurement, detach and move on to the next spot that needs inspecting. To make it easier to identify the measured spots in post-processing we suggest taking points of interest (POIs) every time you take a measurement.

Correct use

Neither Flyability, Cygnus Instruments Limited (Cygnus) nor any of its employees, suppliers, or representatives can be held responsible for improper use of the UT Payload, use of third-party probes, and/or inaccurate analysis and interpretation of data. The following are all of critical importance when using the UT Payload for accurate ultrasonic thickness gauging:

• A complete understanding of ultrasonic wave propagation

• Thorough reading and application of the User Manual and Quick Start Guide

• Proper UT Probe selection

• Good condition and correct zeroing of the UT Probe

• Proper cable length and Couplant selection

• Correct use of the appropriate test blocks for Calibration

• The process of complete and accurate Calibration of the UT Payload

• Correct sound velocity for the material being measured

• Assessment of environmental factors, which may affect the quality of contact between the UT Probe and the surface being tested, such as surface condition, sufficient Couplant, UT Probe stability, and surface contact time

• Proper storage and regular checks of all equipment

• Implementing all fixes and updates or upgrades prior to EACH use

The implementation of these factors is entirely outside the control of Cygnus Instruments and Flyability. It is the sole responsibility of the User to ensure that each and every one of these requirements is met to ensure proper use of the UT Payload.

In the absence of any negligence or other breach of duty by Cygnus, the use of the UT Payload is entirely at your own risk. Any claim relating to any part of the Elios 3 drone system should be referred to Flyability or Flyability Resellers in the first instance.

Resource

Testing Elios 3’s spot thickness measurements' accuracy vs. manual devices

Aircraft with surveying payload mounted

MODIFICATION FROM NOMINAL SPECIFICATIONS

LiDAR Payload

Accuracy in non symmetrical & symmetrical environments

The Surveying Payload offered by Flyability, takes advantage of the latest Ouster REV 7’s supercharged L3 chip and the unmatched capabilities of FARO Connect to offer users a new approach to mobile mapping. However, the accuracy of the scans may vary depending on the geometry of the mapping environment. Below you can find four types of environments we identified and the results you can expect to get.

When extracting data from a tablet you will need first to allow the files transfers in order to access the internal memory.

1. Connect the tablet to the computer with the UBS Cable

2. Swipe down the notification bar and double tap on the Android System entry:
3. Set the USB mode to "Transferring files / Android Auto"
4. When connecting back the tablet to the remote controller, set back ''USB tethering mode''

⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ Blinks green (Imminent takeoff)

Drone is in arming delay state

⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ Blinks cyan (Firmware upgrade)

Esc upgrading / Payload updating / obc update flags (herelink / lidar / vio)

˗˗˗˗˗˗˗˗˗˗˗˗ Solid pink (USB Masstorage)

USB powered enabled and USB Host is detected

⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ Blinks light blue (binding mode)

Activated after holding button for 5-10s then will stay in this mode for 10s

⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ Blinks yellow (Battery lever open)

Battery lever not detected

⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ Blinks red (Battery critically low or error )

If battery SoC < 10% or Battery Communication error

-- -- -- -- Blinks light orange (Battery low)

If battery state SoC < 20%

⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ Blinks light orange (Onboard transmission system overheating)

CPU temperature above 90°C and not receiving remote controller commands

-- -- -- -- Blinks lite blue (Transmission system not connecting)

Aircraft does not receive remote controller signal or the latency is too big

-- -- -- -- Blinks lite yellow (Arming sequence blocked)

Arming sequence blocked, warning message should be displayed

˗˗˗˗˗˗˗˗˗˗˗˗ Solid green (Drone OK)

Drone Ok (default state - none of the above)

General Documentation

Battery

Battery safety guidelines

Material Safety Datasheet

Elios 2 battery

UN38.3 Test Report

Remote controller battery

Samsung Tablet battery (T390 and T395)

v1.7 January 2022

New features:

• Compatibility with new E2RAD sensor payloads (LOW, MID, HIGH level)

• When a battery error is detected the drone goes into Autoland mode and the tablet vibrates for 3 seconds to warn the pilot.

• LED blink patterns updated, they will now blink red in case of a battery warning or a critically low battery.

Bug fixes

• Wifi streaming reliability improved

• Transmission status logging fixed

• Maintenance panel information no longer gets stuck in 'loading' status

v1.6 August 2021

New features:

• New Signal Strength indication - The two indicators on the top left corner now indicate downlink and uplink RSSI instead of a quality indicator as it’s more gradual and could prevent incidents in tricky environments such as sewers.

• Battery SoC displayed up to 60 cycles instead of 40

• Cockpit is now available in French, Spanish, German and Russian. Error codes added to warning messages.

Bug fixes

• Distance Lock controls fixed for Mode 1

• Big warning appearing in Cockpit about exceeded number of cycles of batteries also for new batteries fixed

v1.5 August 2021

New features:

• Integration with Elios 2 RAD Radiation detector payload

Bug fixes

• Drone is no longer disarmed when performing the arming sequence when already armed

v1.4 November 2020

New features:

• Photogrammetry flight mode now has grid lines overlaid to help with managing overlap during flight.

• Failsafe: After loss of signal the drone maintains altitude for 15 seconds, then starts the auto descent.

• Firmware update is only possible if drone battery voltage is higher than 16V New warnings to communicate about hardware issues in the transmission system.

• Added warnings to communicate that motors are approaching or have exceeded the maximum recommended replacement interval of 25 flight hours.

• Added warnings to communicate that the battery is approaching or has exceeded the maximum recommended lifetime of 40 discharge cycles.

• Battery SoC estimation is shown only if battery cycles < 40 Warning to detect defective battery through high cells imbalance

• General improvements in vertical stability

Bug fixes:

• Camera Initialization improved to avoid recording error. Drone cannot be rearmed immediately after disarming to ensure proper video file termination.

• General bug fixes and improvements

v1.3 March 2020

New features:

• Distance lock setpoint is now tunable

• Improved tuning for auto closeup LED

• Drone blinks during arming sequence to estimate battery internal resistance

• Drone will not arm if battery is outside temperature range Added more info to payload logs

• Avionics watchdog to debug avionics Checks if camera SD Card is at least 64GB

• Will not start recording video if there is no space on SD card

• Better motion detection for IMU calibration

• Improved altitude control

• Live video feed switches to SD composite if HDMI error is detected

Bug fixes:

• Removed glitches in camera warnings

• Improved yaw control

• Corrected trim implementation

• Improved drone stability on the ground

• Fixed logging issues

General maintenance

Elios 3 doesn't require a maintenance service, only some parts must be replaced in function of their flight time.

- Cleaning: Every mission

- Motors: Every 50h

- Propellers: Every 10h

- Batteries: Every 50 Cycles or 6 months of use.

Cleaning the aircraft

Most of the drone and the cage can be cleaned with compressed air and Isopropanol alcohol with a soft plastic brush.

Cage element replacement

Propellers replacement

Motors replacement

LIDAR Playload replacement

LED Panel replacement

October 2023

Cockpit is the application used to pilot the Elios 1 and Elios 2 systems. Its main use is to allow the pilot to view the live video feed from the on board cameras, thus enabling FPV flights. In addition, different dashboards allowing precise monitoring of the of the system.

The app is designed and optimized for the tablets provided by Flyability (Samsung T580 and Active 2).

Latest firmware: v1.7 (January 2022)

What's must to be done

Important notice

Updating the Avionic firmware

1. Connect a PC to you drone using via the USB cable, or, remove the LOG SD card

1. Power up the drone with a fully charged battery

2. The firmware process will begin and the 4 arm sensors LED will blink quickly, in a yellowish color

   The drone may reboot several times, you will hear the start up chime.

1. Plug back the battery and connect the GCS, go to Cockpit 'About' tab and verify the avionics firmware version

Updating the Camera Firmware

1. Connect a PC to you drone using via the USB cable, or, remove the LOG SD card.

2. Power up the drone with a fully charged battery

3. The firmware process will begin

1. Plug back the battery and connect the GCS, go to Cockpit 'About' tab and verify the camera firmware version.

Update the Avionic firmware with Avionic SD card

1. Remove the Avionic SD card

2. Power up the drone with a fully charged battery

3. The firmware process will begin and the 4 arm sensors LED will blink quickly, in a yellowish color

1. Plug back the battery with GCS connected, go to Cockpit 'About' tab and confirm new Avionics firmware

The HDMI output can be connected to a secondary monitor for demonstration purposes, or in combination with higher brightness monitor when flying in direct daylight.

What you will need

• Android/IOS device with DJI GO app installed (DJI GO—for products before P4 version) DJI Go App (Android/IOS)

• USB Cable

• The remote controller

Instructions

1. When the controller has connected to the tablet, the blue camera button will appear in the main menu of the DJI GO app.

2. Go to the HD tab (Image transmission settings)

3. Make sure you have

4. • HDMI Video output: Enabled

   • Output port: HDMI

5. Check these settings: - App Output mode: LB - Output Port: HDMI - Output mode: LB - OSD Settings: Disable OSD

6. Then choose the Output Format that your monitor can display.

7. You may now leave DJI GO app and turn off the RC unit.

The HDMI output can be connected to a secondary monitor for demonstration purposes, or in combination with higher brightness monitor when flying in direct daylight.

What you will need

• Android/IOS device with DJI GO app installed (DJI GO—for products before P4 version) DJI Go App (Android/IOS)

• USB Cable

• The remote controller

Instructions

1. When the controller has connected to the tablet, the blue camera button will appear in the main menu of the DJI GO app.

2. Go to the HD tab (Image transmission settings)

3. Make sure you have

4. • HDMI Video output: Enabled

   • Output port: HDMI

5. Check these settings: - App Output mode: LB - Output Port: HDMI - Output mode: LB - OSD Settings: Disable OSD

6. Then choose the Output Format that your monitor can display.

7. You may now leave DJI GO app and turn off the RC unit.

Introduction

With Return To Signal (RTS) one should never fear losing the drone anymore after live video feed loss due to weak radio signal. Elios 3 automatically monitors the live video connection and as soon as the video is lost due to weak radio signal conditions, the drone will automatically fly back along the same trajectory it came until the video is re-established.

Usage

In the top left corner of the Cockpit application, an RTS icon is shown. The icon will be green when RTS is available and red when RTS is unavailable. See limitations.

When a video feed loss is detected, RTS will start automatically. A button with a 5 seconds countdown will show in the top left corner of the Cockpit screen.

The user can deactivate RTS by tapping on the button or pressing once the ATTI-SPORT remote controller button.

Once RTS is active, the flight mode will change to AUTO and a message informs the pilot

From there on, the drone will fly back its past trajectory until the video feed gets back and then automatically stop. See limitations.

The pilot can pause RTS by pressing once the ATTI-SPORT remote controller button. Pressing once again the button resumes RTS.

Limitations

RTS functionality is based on the recorded trajectory of the drone. Bad trajectory data will block RTS functionality.

Reasons of bad trajectory data

• Collisions

• Hooked, blocked in the environment

• Drone drift due to strong wind

• High speed flights

• Complex environments : high presence of dust, highly symmetrical

Other limitations

• Battery SoC needs to be above 10%. If the battery SoC falls below 10% while RTS is active, RTS will stop

• Not enough data, RTS needs at least 5 meters distance of good data

• Maximum return distance is 300 meters

RTS functionally is based on the video stream. Some loss of signal analog to a video stream loss will not activate RTS

• Cockpit application crash or closed

• Tablet to RC cable is disconnected

• 4k RGB camera is defective

• Transmission system is defective

Q&A

Q : My drone does not fly back until getting a signal again.

A : If the trajectory data is not good enough until getting back the signal again, RTS will stop. In this case a warning will inform the pilot.

Q : My drone gets stuck while flying back.

A : As the drone follows the forward trajectory, backwards. It can happen that it collides or gets blocked in the environment. If this happens RTS will stop and the following warning will inform the pilot.

Automatic update:

Cockpit application will prompt you for an update whenever a new one is available and if the tablet is connected to the Internet. We recommend you do the update through the automated process. If for any reason you cannot follow the automatic update process use the following procedure to manually update Cockpit application.

Manual update:

Connect the tablet to your computer, through the USB cable. You will need to unlock the tablet, and then the Android system might ask you to grant access. Please accept.

Copy the latest cockpit APK into the download folder. Once copied you can disconnect the tablet from the computer.

If you wish to backup your tablet recordings, you can do it now, Go to “My Files” application and then under Internal storage > Flyability > Cockpit > Recordings. They should not be removed when updating, but the backup is recommended as a safety measure.

From the tablet go into Settings->Apps->Cockpit and tap on “Uninstall”

Once finished go into the “My Files” application under the “Installation files” folder tap on the cockpit APK you have copied. The installation process will start. You might be prompted by the Android system to allow installation from unknown source. Please accept.

Once the installation is done you can start the cockpit application and follow the start up process from the app. You will be prompted for authorization please accept all of them.

Elios 2 Cage pentagon replacement

Elios 2 Propellers replacement

Elios 2 Motors replacement

Elios 2 Payload replacement

Elios 2 Extract avionic SD card

We have created a training simulator solution that recreates the flying experience inside industrial assets.

Installation instruction:

1. Download the file fom the link above

2. Connect the tablet to your computer then access to the USB options
3. Select: Transferring files / Android Auto
4. Copy paste the APK file into the tablet internal memory

5. Open ''My files''
6. Go to ''Installation files'' then tap on the EliosTraining-2.0.4-release.apk
7. Select ''Install''
8. Open the app once installation process is finished
9. Turn ON the Elios 3 remote controller, connect the remote controller to the tablet and verify the USB option is USB tethering

10. Launch the app
11. Sign In with your Flyability credentials to access the simulator

Calibration ensures that the control sticks have correct center point and range, the status LED on the GCS unit will blink red and a beeping sound will be heard when calibration is necessary. The control sticks can be calibrated with the DJI GO app by following these steps:

• Connect the GCS to a device with DJI GO, turn on the GCS and launch DJI GO

• DJI GO will automatically detect the Lightbridge 2, press on the "Camera" button

Instructions

• In the next screen, press the settings icon in the top right corner

• In the settings menu, select the transmitter icon tab, then press on the "Remote Controller Settings" arrow

• Press on the "Remote Controller Calibration" arrow

• Press "Calibrate" and follow the instructions on screen

Calibration ensures that the control sticks have correct center point and range, the status LED on the GCS unit will blink red and a beeping sound will be heard when calibration is necessary. The control sticks can be calibrated with the DJI GO app by following these steps:

• Connect the GCS to a device with DJI GO, turn on the GCS and launch DJI GO

• DJI GO will automatically detect the Lightbridge 2, press on the "Camera" button

Instructions

• In the next screen, press the settings icon in the top right corner

• In the settings menu, select the transmitter icon tab, then press on the "Remote Controller Settings" arrow

• Press on the "Remote Controller Calibration" arrow

• Press "Calibrate" and follow the instructions on screen

The Elios and Elios 2 drones use DJI Lightbridge 2 transmission system, and as such require the DJI GO app to be used for some advanced operations such as:

Important notice

Flyability drones require firmware v1.2.10 to be installed on the control unit, it is therefore imperative that you do not let the DJI GO app perform a firmware update, even if it shows a flashing banner:

In case you need to downgrade the firmware version, these steps have to be followed:

What you will need

• Fully charged remote controller

• USB cable

• Charged Android or iOS device with DJI Go application installed and Internet access

Step by Step guide

• Open the application and wait until it detects the Lightbridge 2 product. Then tap and hold the 3 horizontal lines icon at the top right of the screen
• From the drop-down menu, select version 1.2.10 and tap the Download Firmware button. If the Android keyboard is displayed, tap the tablet return button to hide it and reveal the Download Firmware button.
• Once the firmware download is finished, tap the Start Upgrade button.
• The remote controller led will turn blue along with a beeping sound, the tablet will display the update progress. Wait until the firmware update has finished.
• When the update is done, you can switch off and switch back on the remote controller. You can now connect it to a tablet with Cockpit and from the ABOUT panel confirm that the GROUND UNIT firmware version is 1.2.10.

Camera

SD Cards

Radio Link

Propulsion

Stabilization

Inspector

Battery

Basic diagnostic information is displayed on the four LED navigation lights of the ELIOS 2. A combination of blinking patterns and colors are used to transmit different types of information about the status of the drone.

Drone Idle

In flight

To check if your transmission system is 100% functional, please follow these checkpoints before each mission/flight:

1. Connect the system with a fully charged battery for the drone and for the Range Extender if you use one

   1. If you use a modified GCS ensure the antennas are correctly fitted

   2. If you use the Range Extender ensure the cables are correctly fitted

2. Place the GCS or Range Extender and the drone at the same level, the drone must be facing the GCS or Range Extender (drone antennas at the opposite side, red circles here below)

3. Leave about 3 meters (10 feet) distance, between the drone and the GCS or Range Extender
4. From Cockpit application, navigate to the Radio panel
5. From the Radio panel, focus on the left part of the 2 first lines

6. You need to confirm the RSSI1 consistency between LB1, RC1, LB2 and RC2

When verifying those values, gently move the antennas around on the RC or gently bend up and down, left and right the Range Extender cables near the GCS and near the Power Module to ensure no ware or false contact are existing.

Each time you move the cable or antenna keep holding them in position and confirm the RSSI¹ consistency.

If one of the values gets higher than 20dbm compared to the others you must consider the device as faulty.

In this case, stop immediately all operations with the Range Extender and/or the GCS and contact support@flyability.com providing the serial number of the material and a screen shot of the radio panel showing the defect.

RSSI¹ = Received Signal Strength Indicator

To check if your transmission system is 100% functional, please follow these checkpoints before each mission/flight:

1. Connect the system with a fully charged battery for the drone and for the Range Extender if you use one

   1. If you use a modified GCS ensure the antennas are correctly fitted

   2. If you use the Range Extender ensure the cables are correctly fitted

2. Place the GCS or Range Extender and the drone at the same level, the drone must be facing the GCS or Range Extender (drone antennas at the opposite side, red circles here below)

3. Leave about 3 meters (10 feet) distance, between the drone and the GCS or Range Extender
4. From Cockpit application, navigate to the Radio panel
5. From the Radio panel, focus on the left part of the 2 first lines

6. You need to confirm the RSSI1 consistency between LB1, RC1, LB2 and RC2

When verifying those values, gently move the antennas around on the RC or gently bend up and down, left and right the Range Extender cables near the GCS and near the Power Module to ensure no ware or false contact are existing.

Each time you move the cable or antenna keep holding them in position and confirm the RSSI¹ consistency.

If one of the values gets higher than 20dbm compared to the others you must consider the device as faulty.

In this case, stop immediately all operations with the Range Extender and/or the GCS and contact support@flyability.com providing the serial number of the material and a screen shot of the radio panel showing the defect.

RSSI¹ = Received Signal Strength Indicator

A beeping sound and red flashing LED can indicate the following errors:

• Low battery

• Stick calibration

• Hardware error

If the possibility of a low battery has been eliminated then the use of the "DJI GO" app is required the debug the issue further.

Important notice

What you will need

• Android/IOS device with DJI GO app installed (DJI GO—for products before P4 version) DJI Go App (Android/IOS)

• USB Cable

• The remote controller

Step by Step guide

• Deploy, connect the USB cable and turn on the GCS.

• Launch DJI GO app

• Once the Remote Controller Picture appears, tap on Camera.

• Tap on the bar at the top of the screen to display the cause of the error.

1. If calibration is required: follow the on screen instructions to perform the calibration. Instruction are detailed in this articles

2. If hardware error: The unit will need to be sent to Flyability for repairs or swapped out for a new unit. Please contact the support

A beeping sound and red flashing LED can indicate the following errors:

• Low battery

• Stick calibration

• Hardware error

If the possibility of a low battery has been eliminated then the use of the "DJI GO" app is required the debug the issue further.

Important notice

What you will need

• Android/IOS device with DJI GO app installed (DJI GO—for products before P4 version) DJI Go App (Android/IOS)

• USB Cable

• The remote controller

Step by Step guide

• Deploy, connect the USB cable and turn on the GCS.

• Launch DJI GO app

• Once the Remote Controller Picture appears, tap on Camera.

• Tap on the bar at the top of the screen to display the cause of the error.

1. If calibration is required: follow the on screen instructions to perform the calibration. Instruction are detailed in this articles

2. If hardware error: The unit will need to be sent to Flyability for repairs or swapped out for a new unit. Please contact the support

Elios 2 has several flight modes which can be selected by the pilot. Each have their own properties and uses.

ASSIST is the default control mode, and must be engaged at the beginning of a flight. In this mode, several optical sensors around the drone will measure its distance and motion with respect to nearby objects. It uses this information to automatically remain perfectly stationary.

However, optical sensors have limited range, and the quality of their measurements can be reduced by dust, direct sunlight, or featureless surfaces.

In the ATTI flight mode, the pilot's inputs directly control the attitude of the drone and the optical sensors are not used. This control mode must be selected if the pilot notices erratic flight behavior due to the limitations of the optical sensors.

Gather information about the flight environment

Avoid unpleasant surprises by gathering as much information as possible about the flight environment before you are on site. Ask for blueprints, photos, or descriptions of the flight area. You should be able to answer the following questions:

Is the environment in which the Elios will be operated safe?

Drones are sensitive to its surroundings. The mission environmental conditions must be within the specifications listed in the user manual of the drone. Think about conditions such as: temperature, presence of water, wind speed, explosive atmospheres etc.

What Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is needed for the operators?

Flyability drones are relatively safe to fly close to humans provided that adequate precautions are taken. The following PPE must always be carried:

• Eye protection

• Hearing protection

• Protective gloves

Also list the dangers posed by the presence of hazardous materials in the flight area, this might can range from corrosive chemicals to bio-hazards caused by untreated sewage.

You must be aware of the effects of flying in your working environment and prepare accordingly by taking additional measures. For example if the environment is dusty, wear respiratory protection.

Pilot Skill Requirements

Some flight environments are more demanding on the pilot than others. You can use the difficulty assessment sheet to estimate the skill level of the pilot required. Bear in mind that the ELIOS2 is much less demanding to fly than the original Elios drone.

Prepare the Paperwork

Method Statement

The Method Statement (MS) lists all the different steps that will be performed during the inspection. It will also specify all the required equipment to fulfill the mission. The “Method Statement – Template” document offers a template to establish your own. An example of a filled in document can be found here.

This document will be required on most industrial sites, and is used to communicate the scope of your work to the local work coordinators.

Risk Assessment

The Risk Assessment (RA) is a document which breaks down the steps taken and specifying all the risks that can occur during the progress of the mission. It also states the mitigating measures that can be taken to limit the likelihood and/or consequences of a mishap. The “Risk Assessment – Template” document offers a template to establish your own. You can also download an example of a completed document here.

Do you have the proper flight authorization?

If you perform outdoor flights, depending on the area and on the country in which you will conduct your flight, you will need a specific authorization. Make sure that you satisfy all requirements of the Civil Aviation Authority to go ahead with your flight.

Note that in most countries, indoor areas are not in the civil airspace, so drone flights conducted inside are not regulated.

Flight Planning

Once the objectives and risks of the inspection are known, you should proceed with the flight planning stage. During visual inspections, all areas of interest must be systematically visited and filmed. A well defined and executed flight plan will help you get the most out of a flight. Flight planning and systematic inspection is covered in a dedicated article.

v2.8 January 2022: New features:

• Compatibility with new E2RAD sensor payloads (LOW, MID, HIGH level)

• When a battery error is detected the drone goes into autoland mode and the tablet vibrates for 3 seconds to warn the pilot.

• LED blink patterns updated, they will now blink red in case of a battery warning or a critically low battery.

Bug fixes:

• Wifi streaming reliability improved

• Transmission status logging fixed

• Maintenance panel information no longer gets stuck in 'loading' status

v2.7 October 2021: New features:

• New Signal Strength indication

• The two indicators on the top left corner now indicate downlink and uplink RSSI instead of a quality indicator as it is more gradual and could prevent incidents in tricky environments such as sewers.

• Cockpit is now available in French, Spanish, German and Russian.

• Error codes added to warning messages.

Bug fixes:

• Fixed distance Lock bug in control mode 1

• False warning about exceeded number of battery cycles fixed

• Fixed memory leaks

v2.6 August 2021: New features (Elios 2 only):

• Integration with E2 RAD Radiation detector payload

• Battery SoC displayed up to 60 cycles. Battery too old displayed for 60+ cycles

Bug Fixes:

• "Old firmware" warning stays forever, even when drone is disconnected

• Camera switch toggled with no video after automatic switch to SD

• Cockpit not informing the user that the FW is not the right one with the current Cockpit version.

• Distance sensor text overlaps with imperial units when distance > 100

• Camera turning on by itself if previously on and drone is restarted

v2.5 November 2020: New Features (Elios 2 only):

• Photogrammetry flight mode now has grid lines overlaid to help with managing overlap during flight.

• New warnings to communicate about hardware issues in the transmission system.

• Added warnings to communicate that motors are approaching or have exceeded the maximum recommended replacement interval of 25 flight hours.

• Added warnings to communicate that the battery is approaching or has exceeded the maximum recommended lifetime of 40 discharge cycles.

• Battery SoC estimation is shown only if battery cycles < 40

• Warning to detect defective battery through high cells imbalance

Bug Fixes:

• Motor flight hours now also displayed correctly, even after 140 flight cycles.

v2.4 March 2020: New features (for Elios 2 only):

• Battery diagnosis menu panel to access BMS data

• New in flight battery status monitoring (temperature and internal resistance)

• Motor diagnosis and flight time data added to maintenance menu panel*

• Live video feed can be switched to composite (SD) if the HDMI (HD) feed fails camera SD card status icon on main screen shows remaining free space

Bug Fixes:

• Circular buffer implemented for backup recording to ensure it can always record

• Battery current draw now always correctly displayed

• No longer crashes when changing settings panel while initiating connection with drone

• No longer crashes when arming the drone

• Cage free view, auto close up and strobing are now synced with CAMOP RC

• No longer crashes while performing Auto Trim

• Cam feed now always shows up when you tap "display camera"

• Next service due time no longer displayed (irrelevant to E2)

• Known limitations: Motor flight hours stop recording after 140 flights, use drone flight hours to keep track

v2.8 January 2022: New features:

• Compatibility with new E2RAD sensor payloads (LOW, MID, HIGH level)

• When a battery error is detected the drone goes into autoland mode and the tablet vibrates for 3 seconds to warn the pilot.

• LED blink patterns updated, they will now blink red in case of a battery warning or a critically low battery.

Bug fixes:

• Wifi streaming reliability improved

• Transmission status logging fixed

• Maintenance panel information no longer gets stuck in 'loading' status

v2.7 October 2021: New features:

• New Signal Strength indication

• The two indicators on the top left corner now indicate downlink and uplink RSSI instead of a quality indicator as it is more gradual and could prevent incidents in tricky environments such as sewers.

• Cockpit is now available in French, Spanish, German and Russian.

• Error codes added to warning messages.

Bug fixes:

• Fixed distance Lock bug in control mode 1

• False warning about exceeded number of battery cycles fixed

• Fixed memory leaks

v2.6 August 2021: New features (Elios 2 only):

• Integration with E2 RAD Radiation detector payload

• Battery SoC displayed up to 60 cycles. Battery too old displayed for 60+ cycles

Bug Fixes:

• "Old firmware" warning stays forever, even when drone is disconnected

• Camera switch toggled with no video after automatic switch to SD

• Cockpit not informing the user that the FW is not the right one with the current Cockpit version.

• Distance sensor text overlaps with imperial units when distance > 100

• Camera turning on by itself if previously on and drone is restarted

v2.5 November 2020: New Features (Elios 2 only):

• Photogrammetry flight mode now has grid lines overlaid to help with managing overlap during flight.

• New warnings to communicate about hardware issues in the transmission system.

• Added warnings to communicate that motors are approaching or have exceeded the maximum recommended replacement interval of 25 flight hours.

• Added warnings to communicate that the battery is approaching or has exceeded the maximum recommended lifetime of 40 discharge cycles.

• Battery SoC estimation is shown only if battery cycles < 40

• Warning to detect defective battery through high cells imbalance

Bug Fixes:

• Motor flight hours now also displayed correctly, even after 140 flight cycles.

v2.4 March 2020: New features (for Elios 2 only):

• Battery diagnosis menu panel to access BMS data

• New in flight battery status monitoring (temperature and internal resistance)

• Motor diagnosis and flight time data added to maintenance menu panel*

• Live video feed can be switched to composite (SD) if the HDMI (HD) feed fails camera SD card status icon on main screen shows remaining free space

Bug Fixes:

• Circular buffer implemented for backup recording to ensure it can always record

• Battery current draw now always correctly displayed

• No longer crashes when changing settings panel while initiating connection with drone

• No longer crashes when arming the drone

• Cage free view, auto close up and strobing are now synced with CAMOP RC

• No longer crashes while performing Auto Trim

• Cam feed now always shows up when you tap "display camera"

• Next service due time no longer displayed (irrelevant to E2)

• Known limitations: Motor flight hours stop recording after 140 flights, use drone flight hours to keep track

When planning inspections, it is important to be able to give an estimation of how much time is needed to inspect a certain asset. In this article we will discuss some of the variables which influence the duration of an inspection.

Generally speaking, a flight can be divided into two phases: transit to (and from) the inspection area inside the asset, and the inspection itself.

Transit

Transit time will depend on the distance to be travelled, and the nature of the environment. The pilot will not be able to fly as fast in a cluttered environment as in an open environment. For example, the top speed in the 'ASSIST' flight mode typically used in cluttered environments is 1.3m/s, which corresponds roughly to 80m per minute. In risky environments and even slower speed is recommended. In an open environment the 'ATTI' flight mode is more likely to be used, and the top speed is 4m/s, or 240m/minute.

The maximum controlled vertical speed of Elios 2 , whether going up or down, is also 1.3m/s, or roughly 80m/minute. It is also important to keep this in mind when determining the battery level needed to safely return from high areas, such as smoke stacks or boilers. This speed can be increased in 'Manual Thrust' mode, which allows the drone to climb at up to 10m/s and descend at almost free-fall velocity.

Remember that the cage offers protection from impacts at speeds up to 3.6m/s on flat surface, and 1.5m/s on sharp surfaces. Flying faster can get the job done quicker, but it comes at a significant risk.

Inspection

The time needed for the actual inspection depends on the size of the area to inspect, and the required detail of the inspection. Detail is often expressed in Ground Sampling Distance (GSD), which is the distance between two adjacent pixels, measured on the observed object. A GSD of 1mm/pixel means that one pixel on the image represents 1 mm in the real world. A smaller GSD means that smaller details will be visible in the image. For more information concerning GSD and camera resolution, we recommend reading this article.

To obtain a smaller GSD (more detail) you must fly closer to the object to inspect, the relation between these is linear. This in turn means that a smaller area is in the field of view of the camera at any given time, reducing the surface area that can be scanned in a given time. The white line in the following graph shows the relation between GSD, and the surface area which can be scanned per minute of flight:

In the case where the object is illuminated exclusively by the drone's on-board LED lighting, then the emitted light will be more concentrated when the drone is up close against it, and the object will appear brighter. In turn the shutter speed can be relatively high, up to 1/250th of a second. When flying far away from a surface then the light is distributed over a larger area, and the shutter speed can be as slow as 1/50th of a second. The reason that the maximum motion blur speed decreases as you fly closer to a surface, is because the distance represented by one pixel decreases faster than the shutter speed increases. This is especially the case at less than 2m from a surface, as shown in the detail view of the same plot:

Introduction

Smart Return-To-Home(Smart RTH) can autonomously return the Elios 3 back to the take-off location. It uses its knowledge of the 3D environment to find the shortest way home, even in complex geometries.

The RTH feature can only be activated by the pilot. Once triggered, the Elios 3 will return to 1m above the take-off location or the closest safe position. It is important to monitor the return in case pilot intervention is needed.

Prerequisites

The following is needed for access to Smart Return-To-Home(Smart RTH).

Important Considerations

The Smart Return-to-Home feature is not intended for dynamic environments and care needs to be taken when using to avoid incidence.

When using Smart RTH:

• Always maintain visual contact and keep hands on the remote control.

• RTH may not work in all environments or conditions.

• Thin obstacles may not be detected and could cause collisions.

• LiDAR blindspot - RTH is unable to see the bottom front of the Elios 3 when traveling forward.

  • This limits the Elios 3’s ability to detect dynamic obstacles that are present when returning.

How to use Smart Return-To-Home

There are several features available to assist pilots when using Smart Return-To-Home, accessible through the Cockpit interface.

Interface

Smart RTH has additional elements available in Cockpit enabling its function. Refer to the screenshot and numbered descriptions:

(1) Flight management gauge

The flight management gauge displayed in Cockpit provides a visual representation of the drone's remaining flight time. Each color represents each stage of remaining flight time.

(2) RTH Button

Tap the Return to home button for the feature to engage. This can be initiated once the button is green or orange. Cockpit will also suggest its selection based on the safety buffer selected.

(3) Route home

The RTH function continuously calculates and displays the shortest way to the take off point. This route is displayed in green for visibility.

(4) Take-off point

The yellow H-icon on the live map indicates the take-off location.

Set the safety buffer

Select the amount of buffer for calculating the Smart RTH suggested time. This feature is accessible in the General Settings menu:

(1) There are three options: